Dairy-barn.



A. B. KLAY.

DAIRY BARN.

APPucATluN HLED MAY 25.1915.

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A. B. KLAY.

DAIRY BARN.

APPLICATION FILED IIIAY25. 191s.

Paiente June 19, 1917.

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A. B. KLAY.

DAIRY BARN.

APPLlcATloN mio MAY25.1916.

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ABRAHAM B. KLAY, OF MODESTO, CALIFORNIA.

DAIRY-BARN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 19, 1917.

Application filed May 25, 1916. SeralNo. 99,913.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM B. KLAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Modesto, in the county of Stanislaus and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Dairy-Barns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to dairy barns, and one of the objects in view is to provide a strong and durable building structure of the class specified having thorough sanitary and protective features and wherein the roof or overhead framing members, such as the rafters and cooperating elements hereinafter explained, are fully covered or ceiled to obviate thecollection and retention of dust and dirt thereon and prevent the falling of dust and dirt from the rafters and other elements and circulation thereof in the interior of the barn and deposit or settling of the same in milk receptacles during milking operations. A further object of the invention is to provide simple window structures without resorting to the use of ordinary window frames by utilizing supporting posts or studding and the base wall supporting the superstructure as means for building up the window sash holding means and at the same time form means for holding screen frames and thereby materially reduce the general cost of construction of buildings of this type. A still further object of the invention is to provide a general improved organization of the several parts of a dairy barn to effect a superior structure of this type of building and to embody in the building a screened ventilator through the roof, screened window openings, and means to prevent ingress of insects around the sides and ends of the doors, and, furthermore, to dispense with the usual form of cross-braces within the interior of the building below the ceiling and dispose substitute brace or reinforcing means which run from the sides of the building above the ceiling.

With these and other objects and advantages in view the invention consists in the preferred construction and arrangement of the several parts which will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of a dairy barn, broken away in part, and embodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the improved barn shown broken through and also having a portion thereof broken away to show the interior structure.

Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view of a portion of the roof structure and ceiling to illustrate the rafters and other elements and the preferred manner of assembling the latter.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse vertical section taken in the plane of the line 4 4, Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of several of the window structures and adjacent parts of the building structure taken in the plane of the line 5 5, Fig. 4.

Fig. G is a horizontal section taken in the plane of the line 6 6, Fig. 1, and illustrat1 ing one of the doors.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged transverse vertical section taken in the plane of the line 7 7, Fig. l, and also illustrating one of the doors.

Fig. 8 is a detail plan view of a portion of a continuous window sill embodied in the improved structure.

The improved barn structure is erected on a suitable base preferably having a cement flooring 5 thereon, and it will be understood that below the flooring storage cellars for manure or for other purposes may be formed as well understood in dairy barn structures. Asis customary in dairy barn structures, the flooring may be formed with a central raised portion 6 to provide an alley-way and having stanchions 7 on each side for the cattle, the. alley-way being used to feed and water the cattle. Interiorly the dairy barn will be equipped with all of the modern appurtenances usually found" in structures of this character and including feed storage rooms, traps and cleaning devices as well as water supply systems. The lower portion Aof the improved barn structure is in the form of a cement or analogous wall 8 which will have door openings 9 provided in the ends, there being three of such openings showny in one end of the barn, as illustrated by Fig. l for the purpose of permitting the cattle to pass inwardly and outwardly in rear of the stanchions 7 and also for giving access to the alley between the stanchions. These door openings 9 may also be provided in the opposite end of the barn structure as may be found necessary and will be provided with slide doors 10 having a particular structure to obviate the ingress of insects. The doors 10 are hung through the medium of suitable roller brackets l1 secured tothe upper ends thereof and enfgaging a rail 12, and adjacent to the door.

openings on the insideare door frame posts 13 which will be connected by top frame members 14. Each door 10 has a limiting stop 15 securedto the outer side of the end of the barn, and on each side of the door opening are vertically disposed strips 16 with which the battens on the inner side of each door 10 have contact, the stop 15 projecting outwardly beyond the strip 1G adjacent thereto. The stop 15 not only serves to limit the movement of the door 10V in closing the latter, but also covers any crevice or small opening that may exist between the door and the strip 16, and at the opposite side the door has an inwardly projecting angular closure 17 which snugly engages the outer side edge of the opposite strip 16 when the door 10 is closed to obviate the entrance of insects at that side of the door when a full closure of the door is made.l On the top of the door, as shown by Fig. 7, is a closure strip 18 which fits snugly over the upper ends of the strips 16 below the rail 12, and the said strip 18 seals any ci'evices or cracks that may exist at the top of the door frame when the door is closed. By this particular construction of door insects are prevented from entering at the sides and ends thereof, the bottom of the door fitting closely tothe ex terior ground surface or on the portion of the framing or flooring that is usually carried through the door opening or which constitutes the base of the door frame. It will be understood that the doors will be provided with suitable locking means to retain them in closed position, said locking means being applicable either to the exterior or interior portions of the doors.

The wall 8 extends about midway between the `fiooring and the eave of the roof which will be presently explained, as shown in the accompanying drawings, but it will be understood that the vertical extent of this wall may be modified. The wall 8 in the present instance constitutes the under or base support for the superstructure of the barn, including the roof, rafters and other elements; and disposed on the upper edge of the wall 8 and extending full length thereof or at least a distance equal to the extent of the window structures isa strip 19 ordinarily known as a mud sill and which is bolted or otherwise secured in place. On the sill 19 a series of posts or studs 20 isv disposed at intervals, the said posts or studs extending up to the roof and forming' the supporting means between the wall 8 or the sill'19 of the said wall andthe roof. These posts or studs provide the side members of the window frames which will be presently described, and by such utilization of the posts or studs 2O the usual form of indeg kpendent window frame structures is disnection with' each window sash 25, and against the inner edge of the said sill 21 a pensed with and the cost of erection of the barn is consequently materially reduced without in the least detracting from the necessary strength and durability of barn structures. Disposed on the sill 19 is an elongated window sill or strip 21 which is materially wider than said sill 19 andv projects outwardly beyond the outer surface of the wall 8 and the outer edge of the sill 19 to give ample support forthe parts of the windows which will be hereinafter described. VThe elongated window sillZl is slotted from the inner edge, as at 22, see Fig. 8, at regular intervals to lit over the posts or studs 20 to give the said'sill 21 a stable application and also the necessary projection, and, moreover, by Amaking the said sill in one piece and slotting the same as specified it may be conveniently and expeditiously applied in proper position and secured against displacement by attaching the same to the sill 19 through the medium of any preferred form of fastenings. Between the posts 2O at a suitable elevation above the sill 21 strips 23 are interposed Aand 9e secured, said strips being preferably lflush with the outer sides of the posts or studs 20, as shown by Fig. 3, and form the upper frame members for the windows. It will therefore be seen that the window frames are provided by the posts or studs 20, the continuation sill 21, and the upper strips or members 23, and on the inner opposing sides of the posts or studs 2O stops Qlare'secured and extend downwardly a sufficient distance to provide limiting means for the sashes 25 when the latter are closed. The lower ends of the stops 2li are disposed at distance above the upper surface of the sill 21 in concontinuous stop strip or guard 2G is secured for engagement by the lower frame members 2T of the sashes 25. The termination of the stops 2% at their lower ends above the sill 21 vprovides for a clearance of the lower rails 27 of the sashes, the latter being loosely held between the posts or studs 20, stops 24, sill 21 and the upper strips or members 23, and by the provision of the stop or guard 26 the lower portions or rails 27 are mounted to shift the fulcrurn, as it were, on the inner portion of the sill so that the said sash may be opened by tilting the same inwardly at the upper portion thereof, as clearly shown by Fig. 1l. To maintain the sash in operative relation to the frame means provided therefor as hereinbefore explained, a chain or analogous device 28'is attached to the inner side of the top rail 29 of each sash and to a hook or other device that may be secured to the strip or member 28. This chain 28 is adapted to be disconnected at either end or will be attached by suitable hook means so that the sash may be removed 130 in each instance along the whole series of sashes, particularly when it is desired in warm weather to thoroughly ventilate the barn. Each window opening is screened at its outer portion, and to provide means for applying the screens a strip 30 is secured to the outer side of each post or stud 20 in the center of the latter and extends vertically thereover. Each strip 30 is considerably narrower than the outer face of the post to which itis secured to form opposite seats 31 between the side edges of the strip 30 and the sides of the post or stud 20, as clearly shown by Fig. 5. The strips 3() extend downwardly to the sill 21 and terminate at their upper ends coincidently with the lower edge of a siding 32 of any suitable form applied over the opposite sides of the barn immediately above the window openings7 the siding 32 extending from a point about midway of the thickness of the strip or member 23 to the upper ends of the posts 2O under the eave of the roof. The siding terminating above the bottom side of vthe series of strips 23 or extending partially downwardly serves to complete the screen seat or recess and whereby each screen and its frame may be completely and snugly inset exteriorly of the adjacent sash. Each screen has a frame 34 with a suitable screen covering 35 which may be constructed in any preferred manner. Each screen is movably attached at its upper end to the siding through the medium of hook plates 36 secured to the siding andengaged by slotted or apertured hanger plates 37 secured to the top portion of each screen frame and whereby each frame may be swung outwardly and upwardly if desired or it may be entirely detached. To hold the lower end of each screen frame in immovable engagement with the outer portion of the sill 21 a hook 38 is secured to the inner side of the bottom member or rail of the screen frame and is adapted to engage an eye or analogous device 39 secured to the sill 21. When the lower end of each screen frame is fastened by Ameans of the hook 38 and eye 39 the entire screen frame will be held against movement and a tight joint is formed between the frame members thereof and the seats or recesses and sill 21 with which said members engage. It is obvious that the window sash in rear of each screen frame may be opened for purposes of ventilation and insects excluded by the screen. lt will be seen from the foregoing that'a simple form of window frame is provided by part of the st-ructural elements of the barn and likewise a screen receptive means is produced without material expense or by simply applying the strips 30 on the outer sides of the posts as explained and applying the siding 32 in such manner that it willA depend partially over the outer edge of the strips or members 23. By dispensing with the ordinary window frame and utilizing the posts 2O as the main devices for constructing or providing a window frame a material saving in the cost of lumber and the general construction of the improved barn will result. It will be noticed that the upper side of the window sill 21 is beveled in an outward and downward direction for obvious reasons, and the manner of forming the sill as liereinbefore explained from a single or continuous piece of material which is slotted or notched at intervals to lit over the posts 20 will render the general construction of the barn expedi tions and the formation of the window sash receiving means between the posts very convenient. It will be seen that the strips or members 23 forni headers to complete the window openings or means for receiving the saslies7 and these headers are preferably flush with the inner and outer sides of the posts 20. Y

On the tops of the posts a wall plate 40 is secured, this structure of posts and wall plate being duplicated atv opposite sides of the barn, and on the wall plates main rafters 41 are applied and secured, said rafters extending upwardly at an incline, as shown by Fig. 3, and having their outer extremities notched, as at 42, to fit over and positively i engage the upper outer corners of the wall plates. Secured to the sides of the main rafters 41 adjacent to each wall plate are false rafters 43 which also extend inwardly and upwardly below and at a less angle of inclination than the rafters 41 and intersect and cross at the center of the barn roof structure, as at 44, suitable joints being formed at the points of intersection or crossing of these false rafters as clearly shown. f

The lower ends of a series of ventilator posts 45 are footed on the false rafters 43 and firmly secured to the latter, the terminals of the intersecting or cross rafters 43 projecting through mortises 46 formed in the i gaging and secured to the inner sides of thev posts 20 are curved braces 49 which run to and are secured to the under edges of the false rafters 43, as at 50. These curved braces not only strongly reinforce the roof structure, but provide means for forming an arched ceiling 51 composed of a plurality of 'closely interloclred tongue and grooved strips which are carried fully from the posts 20 against the under edges of the braces 49 130 and inwardly against the false rafters 43 and slightly upwardly inside of the lower or footed ends of the posts 45. The roof structure as thus far described is very firmly associated and by means of the braces 49 the side structures er posts 20 and parts engaging the same are tied or braced and maintained in shape against expansion or bulging without resorting to the use of cross braces, and by means of the ceiling 51 the roof structure as an entirety is inclosed and any dust or dirt that may collect or gather thereon is prevented from falling into the interior of the barn and circulating within the latter and depositing in the receptacles used in milking operations. The ventilator posts 45 are engaged by cross-plates or beams 52 which extend through suitable mortises 53 above the mortises 46 and are terminally secured to the upper ends of the main rafters 41 adjacent to the outer sides of the said posts 45. These plates or crossbeams 52 reinforce the ventilator structure and render the same stable and at the same time contribute to the general firmness of the roof structure as a whole. Un the posts 45 wall plates 54 are secured, and fitted thereover and extending upwardly in inclines are ventilator roof rafters 55 running to a ridge strip or beam 56; and below the rafters 55 and extending horizontally over the wall plates and secured. to said rafters are cross-braces 57. The ventilator throughout its entire length has a series of slats 58 introduced between and secured to the posts 45 and extending downwardly close to the main roof or sheathing 59, as clearly shown by Fig. 1. The main roof or sheathing 59 may be of any preferred type and is applied over the main rafters 41. Between the inner upwardly curved terminals of the ceiling 5l a screen 60 is secured to prevent the ingress of insects into the interior of the barn by way of the ventilator or at the sides or eaves of the roof where ventilating openings are provided at intervals by the disposition of the outer ends of the curved braces 49 adjacent to the strips 23 secured to the posts E2() at a distance below the wall plate 40, as shown by Fig. 3. It will be seen that the ventilator extending llengthwise over the apex of the roof will provide means for thoroughly Ventilating the interior of the barni and permitting the animal heat or odors to escape to the exterior, with material advantages in the sanitary maintenance of the improved barn structure. Moreover, air is permitted to circulatev within the roof structure above the ceiling 5l, thereby reducing the temperature at this point and materially modifying the temperature of ythe air within the barn below the ceiling. The roof structure as explained provides for a very substantial and effective trussing of all thev parts or elements thereof, and as maar@ hereinbefore indicated the ceiling 51 inclos.-

applied to the upper ends of the posts 20,

and likewise the braces. 43 are secured tothe posts and as a consequence ythe posts contribute to the strength and positive placement of the roof structure and the latter acts as a brace to the posts on vthe opposite sides of the barn.

That is claimed is:

l. In a dairy barn, the combination of a base wall, posts extending upwardly from the base wall at intervals at opposite sides of the barn, main rafters extending upwardly and inwardly at an incline and supported by the posts, false rafters also extending upwardly and inwardly at an ineline from the posts and in planes below the main rafters, the outer ends of the false rafters being secured to the sides of themain rafters adjacent to the posts, braces extending from the inner sides of the posts below the main and false rafters to points about midway of and secured to the lower edges of the false rafters, the false rafters being longer than the main rafters and crossed and secured to each other at the center of the ba-rn structure, the extremities of the false rafters at the center of the barn structure being connected to the inner extremities of the main rafters, a central ventilator structure disposed over the crossed portions of the false rafters and having the latter and the main rafters secured thereto, and a closely jointed ceiling secured against the braces and the false rafters and entirely inclosing the lower portions of the roof structure elements up tothe base of the ventilator to prevent dust and dirt from falling from the roof structure into the interior of the barn and at the same time leaving a ventilating opening at the center' of the ceiling, the roof rafters being provided with a top roof closure.

l 2. In a dairyv barn, the combination of a base wall, posts rising from the base wall at opposite sides, main rafters supported by the upper extremities of the posts and extending at an inward and upward angle of inclination, false rafters also supported by the posts and secured to the main rafters and extending inwardly and upwardly at an angle of inclination below the main rafters and intersecting` and crossing at the center of the roof structure, ventilator. posts footed on the false rafters at opposite sides of the points of Acrossing of said rafters, the extremities of the false rafters extendingY through the posts in reversedirections and terminally secured to the main rafters adjacent to said ventilator posts, cross plates extending through the ventilator posts and also terminally secured to the main rafters, the ventilator posts having slats between the same at the opposite sides and also provided with a roof covering, a ceiling applied and secured below the false rafters and terminating on opposite sides of the center of the roof structure to provide an opening between the ventilator posts, the latter opening being closed by a screen, the ceiling inclosing the roof structure elements and preventing the falling of accumulated dust and dirt into the interior of the barn, and a roof closure mounted on the main rafters and extending up to the ventilator posts, openings being formed between the upper portions of the posts rising from thebase wall above the ceiling inclosing the roof structure elements.

3. In a dairy barn, the combination of a base wall, posts rising from and supported by the base wall at opposite sides of the barn, main roof rafters extending upwardly from and supported by the upper ends of said posts, a ventilator in the center or apex of the roof against which the main rafters are secured, false rafters also supported by the upper ends of the posts and secured to the main rafters and extending inwardly below the latter rafters and intersecting and crossing at the lower portion of the ventilator and also engaging opposite parts of the said ventilator, the lower portion of the ventilator structure being also footed on the false rafters, braces extending from the wall posts upwardly to the intermediate portion of and secured against the lower edges of the false rafters, a closely jointed ceiling secured against the braces and portions of the false rafters and continuing inwardly to the lower central portion of the roof below the ventilator where a Ventilating opening is formed, a screen covering over the said Ventilating opening, the ceiling wholly inclosing the lower portion of the roof to prevent dust and dirt from falling therefrom into the interior of the barn, and a top covering for the roof, the roof providing' between the ceiling and the top covering an air Ventilating space whereby air is conducted to the ventilator and the central Ventilating opening. x

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of a subscribing Witness.

ABRAHAM B. KLAY.

Witness CEAS. S. HYER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

